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HISTORICAL -
CULTURAL - NATURAL

STRONGHOLD

At the southern end of Jêdelewo Lake there is a hill with a flat top, which owes its present form to human labour. The Mazurians called this hill Zamzisko, Grodzisko, Zamczysko, Góra Zamkowa, Schloss Berg, Schlossberg. They told of a castle that had stood here but had fallen into the hills. They spoke of cursed princesses who time and again came out from inside the mountain, hoping that someone would lift the curse from them. Virgins usually met a young man and asked him to perform some task. Upon its realization, the castle was to once again stand on top of the hill, and the deliverer would become rich. Almost always, however, something got in the way of the daredevil, the work did not get done and the distraught maidens returned to the mountain and the would-be rich man went home and soon died.

In fact, the Yuzk Castle Hillis a fortified settlement – a relic of a former defensive settlement. Its first description was made in 1885 by Major Beckherrn, who reported finding fragments of hand-built earthenware. Similar discoveries were made in 1959 by Jerzy Antoniewicz, Jan Jaskanis and Jerzy Okulicz. The settlement dates to the early Iron Age (ca. 2500 years ago) and is connected with the Western Balts (people of the Western Balts barrow culture), the ancestors of the medieval Yotvingians. Traces of the latter, however, have not been discovered here.

In the Stare Juchy commune settlements are located in Gorlowek, Rogaly and Ostrow, near Skomack Wielki. This last defensive settlement is the best studied by archaeologists, who discovered traces of early Iron Age and early medieval (9th-11th centuries) settlements there.

All archaeological sites, including fortified settlements, are archaeological sites under legal protection and no private prospecting is allowed on them.

Literature:

Archeologia Jaćwieży. Dawne badania i nowe perspektywy, red. Anna Bitner-Wróblewska, Wojciech Brzeziński, Marzena Kasprzycka, Warszawa 2016.

Beckherrn, Der Schlossberg bei Neu-Jucha, „Sitzungsberichte der Altertumsgesellschaft Prussia”, r. 14 (1883–1884), 1885, s. 8–9.
Jerzy Łapo, Ludowa wizja przeszłości Mazur, Olsztyn 2008.

Jerzy Łapo, Ziemia Orzyska. Dziedzictwo archeologiczne, Orzysz 2018.

Jerzy Okulicz, Pradzieje ziem pruskich od późnego paleolitu do VII w. n.e., Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdańsk 1973.

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